Rollup
A rollup is a Layer 2 scaling solution that executes transactions off the main chain but posts transaction data back to Layer 1 for security. This approach dramatically increases throughput while inheriting the security of the underlying blockchain.
Understanding the Concept
• Two main types: Optimistic rollups and ZK rollups • Optimistic rollups assume transactions are valid, use fraud proofs • ZK rollups use cryptographic proofs to verify correctness • Transaction data is compressed and posted to L1
Real-World Example
Arbitrum (optimistic rollup) processes thousands of transactions, bundles them together, and posts a compressed summary to Ethereum. This costs a fraction of executing each transaction on Ethereum directly. Users get fast, cheap transactions while ultimately relying on Ethereum's security for final settlement.
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