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Trading Fundamentals

Market Maker

A market maker is a firm or individual that provides liquidity by continuously quoting buy and sell prices for an asset. They profit from the bid-ask spread while taking on inventory risk. Market makers ensure traders can always find a counterparty.

Understanding the Concept

• Profit from spread between bid and ask prices • Must quote prices continuously during trading hours • Take on risk of holding inventory when prices move • Essential for liquid, efficient markets

Real-World Example

A market maker in Apple stock quotes $150.00 bid and $150.02 ask. You buy 100 shares at $150.02 (they sell to you). Another trader sells 100 shares at $150.00 (they buy from them). They profit $0.02 per share without price risk if both trades happen quickly. Volume makes small spreads profitable.

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